西红花与红花的抗血栓作用研究

目的比较西红花Crocus sativus水提物与红花Carthamus tinctorius水提物及其主要活性成分的抗血栓作用。方法 SD大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、西红花酸(50 mg/kg)组、羟基红花黄色素A(50 mg/kg)组、西红花水提物(200 mg/kg)组、红花水提物(700 mg/kg)组和阿司匹林(50 mg/kg)组,大鼠sc肾上腺素建立急性血瘀模型。造模前给予药物干预7 d,观察各组大鼠凝血时间、凝血酶原片段1+2(prothrombin fragment 1+2,F1+2)、凝血酶抗凝血酶复合物(thrombin-antithrombin complex,TAT)、蛋白S(protein S,PS)、血流变相关指标、血生化相关指标、纤溶系统相关指标以及右颈动脉病理的变化情况。结果与模型组比较,各给药组凝血时间显著升高(P0.05),血清中F1+2和PS水平显著降低(P0.05、0.01);除红花水提物组,其余各给药组血清中TAT水平显著降低(P0.05);西红花酸组和羟基红花黄色素A组150 s~(-1)切边率的全血黏度和红细胞压积显著降低(P0.05);西红花酸组、羟基红花黄色素A组和西红花水提物组60 s~(-1)切边率的全血黏度显著降低(P0.05、0.01);西红花酸组、羟基红花黄色素A组和红花水提物组10 s~(-1)切边率的全血黏度显著降低(P0.05、0.01);各给药组红细胞聚集指数显著降低(P0.05);各给药组大鼠血清中三酰甘油(triglycerides,TG)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)水平显著降低(P0.05);西红花酸组和羟基红花黄色素A组血清中天冬氨酸转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST)活性显著降低(P0.05),西红花酸组、西红花水提物组和红花水提物组血清中丙氨酸转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)活性显著降低(P0.05);各给药组血清中纤溶酶激活物抑制物(plasminogen activator inhibitor,PAI)和D-二聚体(D-dimer)水平显著降低(P0.05、0.01),西红花酸组和西红花水提物组血清中6-酮-前列腺素F1a(6-keto-PGF1a)水平显著升高(P0.05);各给药组大鼠血管内皮脱落减少。结论西红花酸的抗血栓作用优于羟基红花黄色素A,西红花水提物的抗血栓作用优于红花水提物。     

西红花及其活性成分对肝脏疾病作用及其机制的研究进展

西红花Crocus sativus是一种具有多种生理功能的传统药食两用物质,已有大量研究报道其可以预防和治疗精神类疾病、神经退行性疾病、心血管疾病以及高脂血症等疾病。研究结果表明,西红花主要通过其抗炎、抗氧化、抗凋亡和调节脂质代谢等药理作用对各种肝脏疾病产生治疗效果。对西红花及其活性成分治疗肝脏疾病的药理作用及其作用机制进行综述,为西红花在临床上发挥更广泛的治疗作用及其抗肝脏疾病作用的深入研究提供科学合理的参考。     

Efficacy of Crocus sativus L. on reduction of cadmium‐induced toxicity on spermatogenesis in adult rats

Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal element, which probably cause infertility by impairment in spermatogenesis. The present work aimed (i) to study the toxic effect of cadmium on spermatogenesis in rat, as well as (ii) the protective effect of Crocus sativus L. on cadmium‐intoxicated rats. Cadmium chloride was administered intraperitoneally during 16 days at intervals of 48 h between subsequent treatments. Crocus sativus L. was pre‐treated in both of control and cadmium‐injected rats. Animals were sacrificed on day 17 after the first treatment. The left cauda epididymis was removed and immediately immersed into Hank's balanced salt solution for the evaluation of sperm count and viability, and left testis was fixed in 10% formalin for histological evaluation. Following contamination with cadmium, a decrease was observed in the number and viability of cauda epididymis sperm, which were increased by Crocus sativus L. pre‐treatment (P < 0.05). In addition, cadmium decreased both cell proliferation and Johnsen Scores in the seminiferous tubules, which were reversed by Crocus sativus pre‐treatment (P < 0.05). Furthermore, cadmium‐induced decrease in the amount of free serum testosterone as well as an increase in lipid peroxidation activity in the testicular tissue was reversed by Crocus sativus L. (P < 0.05). These findings may support the concept that Crocus sativus L. can improve the cadmium toxicity on spermatogenesis.     

新疆产西红花的质量评价

目的对产自新疆的西红花Crocus sativus L.质量进行评价。方法采用《中国药典》2010年版中西红花浸出物、吸光度、总苷量、重金属、农药残留的检测方法,对新疆产的西红花中的各指标进行检测。色谱柱C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相为甲醇-水(45∶55);体积流量1.0 mL/min;检测波长440 nm;进样量10μL;柱温为室温。结果浸出物质量分数为67.8%,吸光度(A)值为0.78,含西红花苷-I为8.02%,含西红花苷-II为5.59%,砷、铅、汞、镉、六氯环己烷、双对氯苯基三氯乙烷(DDT)分别为0.480、0.762、0.028、0.163、0.013、0.027 mg/kg。结论新疆产的西红花各项指标均符合《中国药典》中西红花的质量标准和药用植物及制剂进出口绿色行业标准的规定,西红花在新疆的无公害种植获得成功。     

拉毛果叶化学成分的研究

 目的 研究拉毛果叶子的化学成分。方法 采用硅胶柱及Sephadax LH-20凝胶柱色谱法分离化合物，运用现代光谱技术鉴定化合物结构。结果 从拉毛果叶中分离得到6个化合物，分别鉴定为：β-胡萝卜苷(Ⅰ)、肥皂草苷(Ⅱ)、芹菜素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅲ)、异牡荆素(Ⅳ)、异荭草素(Ⅴ)、木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅵ)。结论 化合物Ⅰ～Ⅳ均为首次从该植物中分离得到，其中化合物Ⅱ～Ⅵ为首次从川续断属植物中分离得到。     

藏红花提取液对慢性高眼压兔眼视网膜电图的保护作用

目的: 探讨藏红花提取液在慢性持续性高眼压条件下对兔眼视网膜功能的保护作用.方法: 将新西兰白兔30只随机分为对照组、高眼压组和治疗Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组;高眼压组和治疗Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的兔眼前房注入3 g/L复方卡波姆溶液制作成慢性高眼压模型,治疗Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ组的兔每日耳缘iv藏红花提取液,对照组仅作前房穿刺.在升高眼压前和高眼压持续1,2,4 wk共4个时间点,检测ERG的b波、Ops波的振幅. 结果: 高眼压组的b波、Ops波振幅在高眼压持续1,2,4 wk时比对照组和治疗组非常显著性降低(P＜0.01),对照组和治疗Ⅱ、Ⅲ组间差异无显著性意义(P＜0.05).结论: 慢性高眼压可导致兔眼视网膜功能损害,表现为ERG的b波、Ops波振幅进行性下降;藏红花提取液对这种视网膜功能损害有保护作用.     

一株藏红花内生真菌多糖的提取及抗氧化活性研究

目的首次由藏红花分离得到内生真菌,研究热水浸提法和超声波法提取真菌#CSL-8多糖的最佳工艺及多糖的抗氧化活性。方法通过正交实验探讨真菌多糖提取的最佳工艺,并采用DPPH法对多糖的抗氧化活性进行评价。结果 热水浸提法提取的最佳工艺参数为:提取温度95℃,料液比1∶30,提取时间4 h,粗多糖得率为9.47%,多糖含量为26.35%;超声波法提取的最佳工艺参数为:超声功率400 W,料液比1∶40,提取时间40 min,粗多糖得率为9.12%,多糖含量为57.65%。两种方法提取的多糖对DPPH自由基的`清除率IC50分别为0.15和0.11 mg/m。l结论与热水浸提法相比,超声波法提取得到的多糖含量较高,提取效果较好。抗氧化实验中,两种方法提取的多糖对DPPH自由基均有较强的清除能力,且有明显的量-效相关性。     

Effect of Crocus sativus L. (Saffron) on Coagulation and Anticoagulation Systems in Healthy Volunteers

Saffron showed some effects on blood coagulation and platelet aggregation in in vitro and in vivo studies. In a clinical trial with a limited number volunteers, saffron tablets influenced on bleeding time. In this study, the effect of saffron on plasma level of fibrinogen, factor VII (as coagulant agent), C and S protein (as anti‐coagulant agent), PT and PTT in a larger sample size was evaluated. The study was a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study consisting of 1 week treatment with 200 mg and 400 mg saffron tablets. Sixty healthy volunteers (age range 20–50 years) were selected for the study. The volunteers were divided into three groups of 20 each. Group 1 received placebo; Groups 2 and 3 received 200 mg and 400 mg saffron tablets, respectively, for 7 days (1 tablet per day). Before and after 7 days treatment and also 1 month after that, blood samples were taken. The plasma levels of fibrinogen, factor VII, C and S protein, PT and PTT were evaluated. Statistical analysis showed no difference between groups for any of evaluated factors. This study rejected any effect of saffron with dose of 200 and 400 mg for 1 week on coagulant and anticoagulant system. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

西洋参和胡萝卜体细胞融合培养杂种鉴定及愈伤组织中人参皂苷Rb_1含量分析

目的 :通过采用体细胞融合技术将西洋参基因转入胡萝卜中 ,为贵重中药、生长受地理环境等限制的中药扩大药源 ,利用杂种优势为培养适于大面积栽培且有效成分人参皂苷含量较高的优良杂交品种提供理论与实验依据。方法 :用PEG法对五加科植物西洋参与伞形科植物胡萝卜进行体细胞融合 ,通过同工酶进行初步杂种鉴定并用HPLC法测定西洋参和胡萝卜体细胞融合培养愈伤组织中人参皂苷Rb1含量。结果 :体细胞融合技术成功地获得了西洋参和胡萝卜体细胞杂交愈伤组织 ;同工酶分析是鉴定杂种的有效手段之一 ;在 10个杂交体愈伤组织中有 6个杂交体愈伤组织人参皂苷Rb1含量比未融合前西洋参愈伤组织中的含量高。